COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition characterized by airflow limitation, commonly caused by smoking or long-term exposure to irritants. The 2025 GOLD Report emphasizes early diagnosis through spirometry and a personalized approach to treatment.  

Management includes bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory medications, and lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation.  Preventing exacerbations is a key focus, with updated vaccination guidelines and tailored pharmacological strategies. COPD often coexists with other conditions, requiring integrated care. With proper management, patients can maintain a better quality of life and reduce hospitalizations